Examining deep learning implementation in pancasila education: classroom practices, student outcomes, and challenges

Desrianti Desrianti; Junaidi Indrawadi; Hasrul Hasrul; Maria Montessori

doi:10.32698/04012

Examining deep learning implementation in pancasila education: classroom practices, student outcomes, and challenges

Desrianti Desrianti⁽¹⁾, Junaidi Indrawadi⁽²⁾, Hasrul Hasrul⁽³⁾, Maria Montessori⁽⁴⁾,
(1) Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesia
(2) Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesia
(3) Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesia
(4) Universitas Negeri Padang

Indonesia

Corresponding Author

DOI : https://doi.org/10.32698/04012

Full Text:

Language : en

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the implementation of deep learning-based Pancasila Education, explore students’ learning experiences and academic outcomes, and identify implementation challenges at a model senior high school in Indonesia. A qualitative descriptive design was employed involving 24 purposively selected informants at SMAN 2 Padang. Data were collected through classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The data were analyzed using an interactive qualitative framework and validated through source and methodological triangulation. Deep learning principles were implemented inconsistently across classrooms. Observations identified 85% of instructional indicators in class X E3 compared with 40% in class X E10. Meaningful learning, structured reflection, and assessment follow-up remained insufficiently integrated. Student achievement varied across assessment components, while implementation challenges included differences in student readiness, instructional practices, and learning resources. Deep learning-based Pancasila Education demonstrates potential to support student engagement and contextual understanding. However, consistent instructional planning, differentiated support, and reflective assessment are necessary to strengthen implementation. The descriptive findings do not establish causal effects on academic achievement

Keywords

Deep Learning; Pancasila Education; Mindful Learning; Meaningful Learning

References

Abdulkarim, A., Komalasari, K., Saripudin, D., Ratmaningsih, N., & Anggraini, D. N. (2020). Development of a unity in diversity-based pancasila education text book for Indonesian universities. International Journal of Instruction, 13(1), 371–386. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13125a

Abdulkarim, A., Ratmaningsih, N., Sopianingsih, P., Anggraini, D. N., Pratiwi, E. D., & Ramadani, A. P. (2026). DEVELOPING A DEEP LEARNING-ORIENTED LEARNING ASSISTANCE SYSTEM WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) CHATBOTS FOR PANCASILA EDUCATION. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 21(1), 1–8. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105027523526?origin=resultslist

Achadi, M. W., & Fithriyana, N. L. (2020). Integration of Pancasila Values in Student Books of Islamic Religious Education and Character at High School Level. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam, 17(2), 119–136. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpai.2020.172-02

Astawa, D. N. W., Darmawan, W., Judijanto, L., Salamah, & Fahruddin. (2026). A mobile-computer-based learning model to enhance students’ critical thinking in Pancasila education at senior high schools in Bali. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 13(3), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v13i3.8811

Benawa, A., Lake, S. C. J. M., & Siregar, C. (2023). The Influence of Religion Education on the Formation of Pancasila Student Profile by Hybrid Learning (Case study at Tri Mulya Junior High School, Kuningan, West Java, Indonesia). ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1145/3626686.3626689

Benawa, A., Lusia, E., Alwino, A., Irawan, I., & Witono, P. H. (2022). The Influence of Pancasila Education and Religion Education on Value Education for the Students during COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Bina Nusantara University Students). ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 119–124. https://doi.org/10.1145/3545801.3545818

Benawa, A., & Sihombing, A. A. (2023). The Significance Influence of Pancasila Education and Religion Education on the Formation of Pancasila Student Profile by Hybrid Learning. E3S Web of Conferences, 426. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342601068

Benawa, A., Wardhani, R., & Prasetyaningtyas, H. (2024). The Significance Influence of Lecturer Competence in Delivering Project Base Learning and Citizenship Education on The Formation of Pancasila Student Profile Through Blended Learning. Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science, 10(1), 1925–1936. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217711052?origin=resultslist

Chalistha, F. P., Callula, M., & Laila, A. (2026). Utilization of Wordwall Games as a Pancasila Education Learning Media to Foster Learning Interest of SB Subang Mewah Students. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3412(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0319122

Dharma, I. M. A., Dantes, N., Lasmawan, I. W., & Suastika, I. N. (2025). Effectiveness of digital storybooks based on Balinese culture for enhancing cultural-civic literacy and Pancasila education outcomes. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 12(2), 165–178. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v12i2.6749

Fernandes, R., Putra, E. V., Amri, E., Ferdyan, R., & Rahman, S. A. (2025). Project-Based Political Education Model: A Study of the Pancasila Student Profile Project with the Theme “Suara Demokrasi”; [Modelo de Educación Política Basado en Proyectos: Un Estudio del Proyecto de Perfil Estudiantil de Pancasila con el Tema “Suara Demokrasi”]. Seminars in Medical Writing and Education, 4. https://doi.org/10.56294/mw2025806

Firmansyah, G., Widodo, A. M., Aryani, D., & Ulfa, V. S. (2024). Developing a Pancasila-Based Dataset for AI Applications in Education. Proceedings - 2024 International Conference on Information Technology and Computing, ICITCOM 2024, 352–357. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICITCOM62788.2024.10762630

Hidayat, O. S., Yesi, Soleh, D. A., & Jarudin. (2023). Learning Pancasila Education and Citizenship based on Digital Media to Stimulate Student Engagement in Improving the Quality of Learning. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(4), 392–400. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85160448049?origin=resultslist

Juanta, P., Festiyed, Diliarosta, S., Lufri, Yohandri, & Moyo, K. (2025). Enhancing Entrepreneurial Skills and Pancasila Student Profiles through Digital Learning Tools in Science Education. APTISI Transactions on Technopreneurship, 7(2), 605–615. https://doi.org/10.34306/att.v7i2.518

Karyadi, A. C., & Khasanah, U. (2020). Bakar batu culture as a reflection of pancasila ideology at early childhood education; [La cultura bakar batu como reflejo de la ideología de pancasila en la educación de la primera infancia]. Utopia y Praxis Latinoamericana, 25(Extra 6), 442–453. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3987659

Komalasari, K., Abdulkarim, A., Sopianingsih, P., & Permana, G. R. (2025). Deep Learning Model in Pancasila Education for Strengthening Students’ Digital Citizenship Competences. New Educational Review, 81(3), 135–150. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.2025.81.3.09

Kusdarini, E., Sunarso, S., & Arpannudin, I. (2020). The implementation of pancasila education through field work learning model; [Implementasi pendidikan pancasila melalui model pembelajaran field work]. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 359–369. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i2.31412

Mudlofir, A., Huda, H., & Sultoni, A. (2021). Nationalism and Pancasila Education within Indonesian Islamic and National Universities: Mapping Students’ Responses to the Integration of Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence-Based Education. Journal of Indonesian Islam, 15(2), 387–408. https://doi.org/10.15642/JIIS.2021.15.2.387-408

Patras, Y. E., Japar, M., Rahmawati, Y., & Hidayat, R. (2025). Integration of Culturally Responsive Teaching Approach, Local Wisdom, and Gamification in Pancasila Education to Develop Students’ Multicultural Competence. Educational Process: International Journal, 14. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.14.45

Pujiastuti, N. I., Prahmana, R. C. I., & Evans, B. (2025). Innovative Ethno-Realistic Mathematics-based modules: Promoting Pancasila values in Indonesian mathematics education. Mathematics Education Journal, 19(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.22342/jpm.v19i1.pp1-22

Puspitasari, C. D., Sulistiyono, A., & Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, I. (2025). Integrating justice-based tax education in Pancasila education: Strategies, challenges, and future directions towards fiscal independence in Indonesia. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 44(2), 275–285. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v44i2.76438

Rahmat, R., Bestari, P., Masyitoh, I. S., Insani, N. N., Sopianingsih, P., Sidiqah, N., & Juliana, D. D. (2026). Developing a Civic Crowdfunding Platform for Pancasila Education to Enhance Civic Engagement To Support Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 21(1), 17–24.

Ruyadi, Y., & Dahliyana, A. (2022). Basic competency of Pancasila ideological education for elementary school in Indonesia. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(3), 703–718. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i3.45918

Ruyadi, Y., Nugraha, D. M., Supriyono, S., Juliana, J., Ryadi, N. F., & Qudratov, I. (2026). Recontextualizing Pancasila-Based Citizenship Education through an Instructional Design Model: A Design-Based Study in Indonesian Elementary Schools. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 25(2), 379–403. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.25.2.18

Santoso, G. (2020). The structure development model of pancasila education (Pe) and civic education (ce) at 21 century 4.0 era in indonesian. Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, 59, 1046–1054. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85105605218?origin=resultslist

Sarkadi, Casmana, A. R., Cahyana, U., & Paristiowati, M. (2020). The Application of Mobile Learning for University Students in the Pancasila Education Modul in Developing Character of Students’ Empathy. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(9), 3825–3833. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080905

Sarkadi, Casmana, A. R., Hisyam, C. J., & Wardatussa’idah, I. (2022). Integrating Character Education Into the RECE Learning Model Through Pancasila and Citizenship Education Subjects. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.841037

Subaidi. (2020). Strengthening character education in Indonesia: Implementing values from moderate Islam and the Pancasila. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 11(2), 120–132. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85086881711?origin=resultslist

Sudarmin, Munirah, & Sukmawati. (2024). Development of a Pancasila Education Teaching Module with Integration of Mattabe’ Culture for Strengthening Student Character Values. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(6), 1743–1753. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v3i6.4136

Sukriono, D., & Sudirman. (2020). Using massive open online course (MOOC) on pancasila education increasing students’ score. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 14(12), 138–148. https://doi.org/10.3991/IJIM.V14I12.15593

Sumardjoko, B., & Musyiam, M. (2018). Model of civic education learning based on the local wisdom for revitalizing values of pancasila (Bahasa Indonesia); [Model of civic education learning based on the local wisdom for revitalizing values of pancasila]. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 37(2), 201–211. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85057456148?origin=resultslist

Suwandi, S., Wardani, N. E., Ulya, C., Zuliyanto, S., Setiyoningsih, T., & Rizqina, A. A. (2025). Character Education Values of Pancasila Student Profile in Central Java Folktales. Theory and Practice in Language Studies, 15(2), 496–506. https://doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1502.20

Wedhatami, B., Arifin, R., Alkadri, R., Puspasari, D., & Ananta, B. R. (2024). Advocacy for Social Transformation: Pancasila-Based Legal Education and the Street Law Model in Fostering Nationalism Among Youth in Kenteng Village. Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services, 6(2), 355–382. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v6i2.29867

Wibisono, M. I. Y., Hariyati, N., & Nursalim, M. (2026). Management strategies for strengthening the Indonesian Pancasila student profile to enhance character education in the 21st century. Multidisciplinary Science Journal, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.31893/multiscience.2026637

Widana, I. W., Sumandya, I. W., & Citrawan, I. W. (2023). The special education teachers’ ability to develop an integrated learning evaluation of Pancasila student profiles based on local wisdom for special needs students in Indonesia. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 44(2), 527–536. https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2023.44.2.23

Widiyanto, R., Asep Ediana, L., Slam, Z., Ufahira, K., & Uswatun, D. A. (2026). Developing a STEAM-Based Project Module to Strengthen Pancasila Student Profiles: A Sustainable Lifestyle Approach in Elementary Education. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3433(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0338093

Yani, M. T., Hazin, M., Ahmadi, A., Setyowati, R. R. N., & Listyaningsih. (2025). Configuration of Ideological Education on Campus in Indonesia: Prevention of Communism Issues through an Integrative Approach of Religion and Pancasila. Legal Transformation in Muslim Societies, 2(4), 78–93. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105031492297?origin=resultslist

Yulianti, K. (2024). Promoting Students’ Soft Skills through Project-Based Learning in Character Building Pancasila Course: A Study in A Higher Education Institution in Indonesia. Proceedings of International Conference on Research in Education and Science, 10(1), 1275–1282. https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85217680103?origin=resultslist

Yusuf, R., Sanusi, Razali, Maimun, & Putra, I. (2020). The efforts to improve culture literation and student citizenship through ICT based (LBK) media in pancasila and citizenship education. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(4), 1513–1519. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080444

Zakso, A., Agung, I., Susanto, A. B., & Calvin Capnary, M. (2021). The effect of strengthening character education on tolerance increasing and development of Pancasila students in border area: Case of West Kalimantan province. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 10(5), 232–248. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2021-0136