Transformational leadership, pedagogical competence, deep learning, and teachers' readiness for educational change

Yanti Azmaniar(1), Lusi Susanti(2), Rusdinal Rusdinal(3), Edwin Musdi(4),
(1) Universitas Negeri Padang  Indonesia
(2) Universitas Negeri Padang  Indonesia
(3) Universitas Negeri Padang  Indonesia
(4) Universitas Negeri Padang  Indonesia

Corresponding Author


DOI : https://doi.org/10.32698/02892

Full Text:    Language : en

Abstract


This study aimed to examine the effects of transformational leadership and teachers' pedagogical competence on deep learning implementation and teachers' readiness for change in public junior high schools in Padang Pariaman Regency. A quantitative explanatory design was employed using a survey of 228 teachers selected through proportionate stratified random sampling from a population of 557 teachers. Data were collected using a five-point Likert questionnaire and analyzed with Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Pedagogical competence exerted the strongest positive effect on deep learning implementation (β = 0.720), followed by transformational leadership (β = 0.187). Both variables significantly influenced teachers' readiness for change directly and indirectly through deep learning implementation. The structural model demonstrated moderate-to-strong explanatory power (R² = 0.662–0.681). Strengthening teachers' pedagogical competence, supported by transformational school leadership, is essential for promoting effective deep learning implementation and enhancing teachers' readiness for sustainable educational change

Keywords


Transformational Leadership; Pedagogical Competence; Deep Learning Implementation; Teachers' Readiness

References


Algohani, M. M. S., & Mydin, A.-A. (2025). The impact of transformational leadership on teachers’ organizational commitment: Examining workplace spirituality and psychological empowerment. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters, 13(4), 1615–1630. https://doi.org/10.18488/73.v13i4.4537

Amelia, U., Sari, E., & Karnati, N. (2024). The influence of transformational leadership and organizational climate on innovative behavior of teachers in West Sumatra. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3116(1). https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0210291

Bektiarso, S. (2024). The effect of the principal’s transformational leadership and school organisational culture on the performance of junior high school teachers with work ethic as a moderating variable. International Journal of Management in Education, 18(6), 595–614. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIE.2024.141768

Bellibas, M. S., Ozkul, R., Karacabey, M. F., & Polatcan, M. (2025). Distributed leadership strengthening the role of transformational leadership in enhancing teacher psychological capital and well-being. Journal of Educational Administration. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-02-2025-0062

Bellibaş, M. Ş., Polatcan, M., & Berkovich, I. (2026). Principal–Teacher Relationship Profiles Moderating the Effects of Transformational Leadership on Teacher Innovation and Resistance to Change. Educational Administration Quarterly, 62(2), 312–359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X251386390

Berkovich, I., & Hassan, T. (2025). Principals’ digital transformational leadership, teachers’ commitment, and school effectiveness. Education Inquiry, 16(2), 177–194. https://doi.org/10.1080/20004508.2023.2173705

Chunhui, L., Ahmad, A., & Azar, A. S. (2024). The Impact of Transformational Leadership on the Work Performance of University Teachers through the Mediation of Organization Culture: Literature Review; [El Impacto del Liderazgo Transformacional en el Desempeño Laboral de los Profesores Universitarios a través de la Mediación de la Cultura Organizativa: Revisión de la Literatura]. UCJC Business and Society Review, 21(80), 260–299. https://doi.org/10.3232/UBR.2024.V21.N1.07

ElSayary, A., & Mohebi, L. (2024). A study on the transformational leadership qualities of preservice teachers in UAE classrooms. In International Perspectives on Educational Administration using Educational Inquiry. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032621296-14

Fang, Z., Zou, W., & Ding, X. (2025). Engagement or exhaustion? The double-edged sword effect of dual-level transformational leadership on the well-being of young teachers in Chinese secondary schools. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05395-6

Hadi, S., Purnomo, Imron, A., Pristian, R., Ranu, M. E., & Jamil, A. S. (2024). Adapted Integrated Transformational-Instructional Leadership Behaviors: Construct Validity and Perceptions among Teachers and Principals in Indonesian Vocational Schools. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 2024(109), 238–259. https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2024.109.013

Hardianto, Hidayat, & Setiawan, M. N. A. (2025). Reward and commitment toward transformational leadership and teachers’ job satisfaction. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 44(3), 673–684. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v44i3.83084

Hariri, H., Mukhlis, H., Nurwahidin, M., Rusdiani, A., & Ridwan. (2024). Transformational teacher leadership: Self-perception of primary education teachers in Indonesia. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 11(4), 727–736. https://doi.org/10.20448/jeelr.v11i4.6209

Hidayat, R., & Patras, Y. E. (2024). Teacher innovativeness: The effect of self-efficacy, transformational leadership, and school climate. Journal of Pedagogical Research, 8(1), 208–222. https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.202424547

Hoang, T. N., & Le, P. B. (2025). The influence of transformational leadership on self-efficacy and knowledge sharing of teachers: moderating role of knowledge-oriented school culture. VINE Journal of Information and Knowledge Management Systems, 55(4), 828–845. https://doi.org/10.1108/VJIKMS-05-2023-0126

Li, M., Liu, F., & Yang, C. (2024). Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Commitment: A Moderated Mediation Model of Teachers’ Psychological Well-Being and Principal Transformational Leadership. Behavioral Sciences, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14040345

Li, Z., Liu, L., & Lin, Y. (2026). Transformational leadership and teacher resilience in Chinese Universities: The chain mediating role of perceived organisational support and work engagement. PLOS ONE, 21(5 May). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0350574

Long, J., Ahmad, J., & Alias, B. S. (2026). Transformational Leadership of Deans and Organisational Commitment of Foreign Language Teachers: Evidence from Chinese Universities. Africa Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2026.2669719

Nassir, M., & Benoliel, P. (2026). Teachers intent to leave and collective teachers’ efficacy: The role of transformational leadership and job autonomy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2026.105566

Ninković, S., Knežević-Florić, O., & Đorđić, D. (2024). Transformational leadership and teachers’ use of differentiated instruction in Serbian schools: investigating the mediating effects of teacher collaboration and self-efficacy. Educational Studies, 50(6), 1353–1372. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2022.2081787

Paganin, G., Mameli, C., Guglielmi, D., & Mazzetti, G. (2025). Transformational leadership and teacher satisfaction: the enhancing roles of professional development and learning program management. Journal of Education for Teaching, 51(2), 275–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2025.2469125

Peng, R., & Wang, S. (2026). Measuring EFL Teachers’ Transformational Classroom Leadership: Scale Development and Validation. European Journal of Education, 61(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.70500

Polatcan, M., Özkan, P., & Bellibaş, M. Ş. (2024). Cultivating teacher innovativeness through transformational leadership and teacher agency in schools: the moderating role of teacher trust. Journal of Professional Capital and Community, 9(3), 227–242. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPCC-01-2024-0008

Sánchez-García, C., Morales-Sánchez, V., Reigal, R. E., & Hernández-Mendo, A. (2024). Relationships between Transformational Leadership of the Teacher and Optimal Experiences of Adolescents in Physical Education: A Systematic Review; [Relações entre a Liderança Transformacional do Professor e as Experiências Ótimas de Adolescentes na Educação Física: Uma Revisão Sistemática]; [Relaciones entre el Liderazgo Transformacional del profesor y las experiencias óptimas de adolescentes en Educación Física: una revisión sistemática]. Cuadernos de Psicologia Del Deporte, 24(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.6018/cpd.623711

Sánchez-García, C., Reigal, R. E., Hernández-Martos, J., Hernández-Mendo, A., & Morales-Sánchez, V. (2024). Engagement in Transformational Leadership by Teachers Influences the Levels of Self-Esteem, Motor Self-Efficacy, Enjoyment, and Intention to Be Active in Physical Education Students. Sports, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports12070191

Sun, H., Lee, L., & Tang, H.-W. V. (2024). The Relationship between Transformational Leadership, Teachers’ organizational commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: An Integrated Investigation Using Meta-analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 22(2), 9682–9697. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2024-22.2.00732

Sun, H., Tang, H.-W. V., & Zhu, X. (2025). The relationship between transformational leadership, teachers’ organizational commitment, and job satisfaction: An integrated investigation using meta-analysis and structural equation modeling. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 46(4). https://doi.org/10.34044/j.kjss.2025.46.4.29

Tran, V. D., Bui, L. D. T., Le, M. T. L., & Nguyen, H. T. (2024). Principals’ Transformational Leadership on Teachers’ Self-Efficacy: A Case of Vietnam. International Journal of Educational Organization and Leadership, 31(2), 71–90. https://doi.org/10.18848/2329-1656/CGP/v31i02/71-90

Uslukaya, A., Demirdis, B., & Yalcin, M. T. (2025). Transformational leadership and work interference with family in Türkiye: The mediating role of teacher commitment and the moderating role of power distance. Educational Management Administration and Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432251393451

Wang, T., Deng, M., & Tian, G. (2025). Facilitating teachers’ inclusive education intentions: the roles of transformational leadership, school climate, and teacher efficacy. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04977-8

Witthöft, J., Adams, D., Aydin, B., Muniandy, V., & Pietsch, M. (2026). Microfoundations of open innovation in schools: overcoming teachers’ not-invented-here syndrome with transformational leadership and leader-member-exchange. School Leadership and Management, 46(1), 131–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2025.2580641

Zadok, A., Benoliel, P., & Schechter, C. (2024). Teacher-leaders’ personality traits of extraversion, conscientiousness, and openness to experience and transformational leadership: The implications for collective teachers efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104482


Article Metrics

 Abstract Views : 0 times
 PDF Downloaded : 0 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.