Development of STEM–based Arduino MQ-2 worksheet to improve students’ critical thinking

Abstract

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of a STEM-based Student Worksheet integrating Arduino MQ-2 to enhance students’ critical thinking skills in investigating air pollution. This Research and Development study employed the Four-D model with 38 Biology Education students selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using validation sheets, response questionnaires, implementation observations, and pretest-posttest instruments covering six critical thinking indicators. Descriptive analysis and N-Gain were used to evaluate the worksheet. Results showed a validity score of 93.50% (very valid), 100% implementation across STEM components, and student responses ranging from 94.73% to 100% (very practical). The mean score increased from 70.16 on the pretest to 95.76 on the posttest, with an N-Gain of 0.85 (high). Therefore, the developed worksheet is valid, practical, and effective in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills.